Thursday, February 12, 2015
Wednesday, February 4, 2015
SLEEPخواب
اگر بتوانيم هر شب سر ساعت معين با معده نه چندان پر و بدون كتاب و وسايل الكترونيك به رختخواب برويم و كيسه استرس هاى روزانه را پشت در بگذاريم آن را مى توان " به موقع" ناميد اما مگر زندگى مدرن مى گذارد . در اين صورت بايد فرمول ديگري براى تطبيق پيدا كرد و يا از پزشك و ديگر خواب شناسان دانش آموخته حرفه اى كمك گًرفت و نه از دارو و الكل و علف هاى رايج عطارى و مانند آن كه مشكل را بيشتر مى كنند
يك راه چاره ديگر هم اينست كه در طى روز از قيلوله و چرت و خوابهاى.
كوتاه پرهيز كنيم اگر بتوانيم اما استرس ها بخشى از زتدگى امروزند و مخل خواب و خوراك و آسايش و آرامش اند و شعر و ادبيات و كتاب و سينما و راديو تلويزيون و رساته ها در اين دنياى ديوانه مزيد بر علت
پزشكى نامه
Medical encyclopedia
Some of us feel well-rested after a solid eight hours of sleep. For others, closer to nine feels best. For others still, a little less will do. How much sleep we prefer to get is highly subjective -- but how much sleep we need is a bit more concrete.
After web analytics showed the vast popularity of the How Much Sleep Do We Really Need? feature of the National Sleep Foundation's (NSF) website, a panel of experts set about to reassure that the information provided there was the most accurate and up to date.
"Sleep duration was basically one of the most visited pages on the NSF website, and it wasn't really clear how those recommendations for the ranges had been arrived at," Max Hirshkowitz, Ph.D., chair of the National Sleep Foundation Scientific Advisory Council, told The Huffington Post.
To do so, a panel of six sleep experts and 12 other medical experts from organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Geriatrics Society, the American Psychiatric Association and the Society for Research in Human Development, conducted a formal literature review. The panel focused on the body of research surrounding sleep duration in healthy human subjects that had been published in peer-reviewed journals between 2004 and 2014. From the 312 articles reviewed, the experts were able to fine-tune existing sleep duration recommendations as detailed below:
- Newborns (0-3 months): 14-17 hours (range narrowed from 12-18)
- Infants (4-11 months): 12-15 hours (range widened from 14-15)
- Toddlers (1-2 years): 11-14 hours (range widened from 12-14)
- Preschoolers (3-5): 10-13 hours (range widened from 11-13)
- School-Age Children (6-13): 9-11 hours (range widened from 10-11)
- Teenagers (14-17): 8-10 hours (range widened from 8.5-9.5)
- Young Adults (18-25): 7-9 hours (new age category)
- Adults (26-64): 7-9 hours (no change)
- Older Adults (65+): 7-8 hours (new age category)
(In addition, the NSF has also added categories for the outliers among us, supplying the range of hours of sleep that have been deemed both “May be appropriate” and “Not recommended.”)
“This is the first time that any professional organization has developed age-specific recommended sleep durations based on a rigorous, systematic review of the world scientific literature relating sleep duration to health, performance and safety,” Charles A. Czeisler, Ph.D., M.D., professor of sleep medicine at Harvard Medical School and chairman of the board of the National Sleep Foundation, said in a statement.
It's not an exact science, said Hirshkowitz, but it's a start. "Like with most things, it's successive approximation that gets you to the goal. The first time somebody built a wristwatch, it wasn't very good, but after hundreds of years of making precise changes, to have a timepiece that doesn't tell time is pretty unusual." As more and more research is conducted around sleep duration, subsequent minor changes will be made, he said, helping experts to zero in on the absolute best recommendations to give to patients.
If you're currently getting enough sleep and feel pretty good, keep it up. But if you're meeting your age group's recommended range and waking up groggy and feeling slugging throughout the day, it could be a warning sign of various sleep conditions or a less-than-ideal sleep environment, said Hirshkowitz, which you might want to address with a healthcare professional.
If you're simply not sure, he suggests doing a little home experiment. Start with the midpoint of the sleep duration range for your age group. Note you how feel when you wake up, how you feel during the day and how you feel as you're winding down in the evening. Then, depending on how you feel, you can adjust your time in bed to be shorter or longer as you see fit.
Or, try something a little less elaborate. "If you could select your bedtime and wake time, what would it be?" Hirshkowitz asked. I said 11:30 p.m. and 8 a.m. "Now, if that is going to be your set bedtime forever, forevermore, you will never be able to get one extra minute, you will always have exactly that amount of sleep -- do you want to adjust what you said?" Never one extra minute?! I gave myself an extra hour -- and most people adjust when faced with this exercise, he said. Your optimal sleep duration is probably somewhere in between those two ranges.
Tuesday, February 3, 2015
BREAST CYSTS-2
SYMPTOMS
Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs within your breast, which are usually not cancer (benign). You can have one or many breast cysts. They're often described as round or oval lumps with distinct edges. In texture, a breast cyst usually feels like a grape or a water-filled balloon, but sometimes a breast cyst feels firm.
Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs within your breast, which are usually not cancer (benign). You can have one or many breast cysts. They're often described as round or oval lumps with distinct edges. In texture, a breast cyst usually feels like a grape or a water-filled balloon, but sometimes a breast cyst feels firm.
Breast cysts don't require treatment unless a cyst is large and painful or otherwise uncomfortable. In that case, draining the fluid from a breast cyst can ease your symptoms.
Breast cysts are common in women before menopause, between ages 35 and 50, but can be found in women of any age. If you have breast cysts, they usually disappear after menopause, unless you're taking hormone therapy.
Monday, February 2, 2015
BREAST CYSTS
Fibrosis and simple cysts
Many breast lumps turn out to be caused by fibrosis and/or cysts, benign (non-cancer) changes in breast tissue that happen in many women at some time in their lives. Fibrosis is the formation of scar-like (fibrous) tissue, and cysts are fluid-filled sacs. These changes are sometimes called fibrocystic (fie-bro-SIS-tick) changes, and used to be called fibrocystic disease. They are most often diagnosed by a doctor based on symptoms, such as breast lumps, swelling, and tenderness or pain. These symptoms tend to be worse just before a woman’s menstrual period is about to begin. Her breasts may feel lumpy and, sometimes, she may notice a clear or slightly cloudy nipple discharge.
These changes are most common in women of childbearing age, but they can affect women of any age. They are the most common benign condition of the breast. They may be found in different parts of the breast and in both breasts at the same time.
Many different changes can be found when fibrocystic breast tissue is looked at under the microscope. Most of these changes reflect the way the woman’s breast tissue has responded to monthly hormone changes and have little other importance.
Fibrosis
Fibrosis refers to a large amount of fibrous tissue, the same material that ligaments and scar tissues are made of. Areas of fibrosis feel rubbery, firm, or hard to the touch. Fibrosis does not need any special treatment.
Cysts
A round, movable lump, especially one that is tender to the touch, suggests a cyst. Cysts are fluid-filled, round or oval shaped sacs within the breasts. They are most often found in women in their 40s, but they can be seen in women of any age. Monthly hormone changes often cause cysts to get bigger and become painful and more noticeable just before the menstrual period.
Cysts start out from fluid building up inside the breast glands. Microcysts (microscopic cysts) are too small to feel and are found only when tissue is looked at under the microscope. If fluid continues to build up, macrocysts (large cysts) are formed. These can be felt easily and can be as large as 1 or 2 inches across. As they grow, the breast tissue around the cyst may stretch and be painful.
A clinical breast exam (a health care professional palpates your breast, feeling for changes) cannot tell the difference between a cyst and a solid mass, so an ultrasound or needle aspiration is needed to be sure. Putting a thin needle into the cyst can confirm the diagnosis of a cyst and, at the same time, drain the cyst fluid. Removing the fluid may reduce pressure and pain for some time, but the fluid doesn’t need to be removed unless it’s causing discomfort. If removed, the fluid might come back later.
Diagnosis
Most often, fibrocystic changes are diagnosed based on symptoms alone. These symptoms can include breast pain and tender lumps or thickened areas in the breasts. The symptoms may change as the woman moves through different stages of the menstrual cycle. Sometimes, one of the lumps might feel firmer or have other features that lead to a concern about cancer. When this happens, a biopsy may be needed to make sure that cancer is not present. Fibrosis and cysts can also be seen on a biopsy that is done for a lump that turns out to be something else.
Treatment
Most women with fibrocystic changes and no bothersome symptoms do not need treatment, but closer follow-up may be advised. Women with mild discomfort may get relief from well-fitted, supportive bras, applying heat, or using over-the-counter pain relievers.
For a very small number of women with painful cysts, draining the fluid with a needle can help relieve symptoms.
Some women report that their breast symptoms improve if they avoid caffeine and other stimulants found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and many soft drinks. Studies have not found those stimulants to have a significant impact on symptoms, but many women feel that avoiding these foods and drinks for a couple of months is worth trying.
Because breast swelling toward the end of the menstrual cycle is painful for some women, some doctors recommend that women with severe symptoms reduce salt in their diets or take diuretics (drugs to remove salt and fluid from the body).
It has been suggested that many vitamin supplements relieve symptoms, but so far none have been proven to be of any use, and some may have dangerous side effects if taken in large doses.
Some doctors prescribe hormones, such as oral contraceptives (birth control pills), tamoxifen, or androgens. But these are usually given only to women with severe symptoms because they can have serious side effects.
Link to cancer risk
Neither fibrosis nor cysts increase your risk of later developing breast cancer.
Last Medical Review: 01/14/2014
Last Revised: 01/14/2014
Source:American Cancer Society
Saturday, January 31, 2015
A*SH*N*A:AHMAD FARIDMAND
《زدودن چرک از بدن و خستگی از روح》
از کاری سخت
خسته به خانه رسیدم
دوشی گرفتم و به خوابی عمیق فرو رفتم
خسته به خانه رسیدم
دوشی گرفتم و به خوابی عمیق فرو رفتم
-به !
مگر
زدودن چرک از بدن و خستگی از روح
خود
یک پای آزادی ست ...
مگر
زدودن چرک از بدن و خستگی از روح
خود
یک پای آزادی ست ...
برای همین هم ؛ عرفان ما گفته
اول از خود آغاز می شود
قدم به قدم
آ
زا
دی !
اول از خود آغاز می شود
قدم به قدم
آ
زا
دی !
(الف.روز)
ماه بهمن 93 شیراز
ماه بهمن 93 شیراز
VACCINATION,english
Faramarz Soleimani If you strongly believe to vaccinate children against infectious disease , then this is the option of health authorities to decide about it because they have the knowledge that usually parents lack on this matter. Health workers are educated. Advisors. Parents and politicians usually are not
FS MED ENCYCLOPEDIA:VACCINATION
سرخک دوباره در جهان رواج مى گيرد حتا در امريكا موارد تازه يى در كاليفرنيا و نبراسكا و مينه سوتا و ایالات دیگر گزارش شده و اهمال درواكسيناسيون دليل آن شمرده شده است اهمال در واكسيناسيون و مبارزه با آن در كشورهايى فقير و پر جمعيت مانند پاكستان موجب بازگشت بيماريهاي عفوني ديگر از قبيل پوليو شده است. در آفريقا مالاريا باز گشته است و يكى از دلايل آن اينست كه بوميان پشه بندهاي اهدايى آغشته به داروهاي ضد مالاريا را برا ماهيگيرى به كار مى برند كه هم باعث آلودگي آبها و هم موجب از بين رفتن نسل ماهي ها مى شود و به شيوع بيماري مالاريا به عنوان يك عفونت كشنده و نا توان كننده مى افزايد . و اين ها تنها چند مورد بهداشتى براي ياد آورى است
پزشكي نامه دكتر فرامرز سليمانى / واكسيناسيون٢٠١٥/١٣٩٣
Dr Faramarz Soleimani medical Encyclopedia / vaccination 2015
پزشكي نامه دكتر فرامرز سليمانى / واكسيناسيون٢٠١٥/١٣٩٣
Dr Faramarz Soleimani medical Encyclopedia / vaccination 2015
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